Architecture,Assam,Barpeta Kritan Ghar
Exploring Barpeta Kritanghar, Assam: A Spiritual and Cultural Journey
Nestled in the serene Barpeta district of Assam, Barpeta Kritanghar is a significant religious and cultural landmark. This site, rich in history and architectural beauty, is a must-visit for anyone seeking to delve into the spiritual essence of Assam. From the teachings of Srimanta Sankardev to the captivating architecture of the temples, Barpeta Kritanghar is a place that promises an immersive experience. Let’s dive into the history, architecture, interesting facts, and the best way to reach this cultural gem.
History of Barpeta Kritanghar
Barpeta Kritanghar is deeply associated with the Vaishnavite tradition in Assam and is a key center of worship, culture, and religious learning. The establishment of this important site can be traced back to the 16th century, during the time of Srimanta Sankardev, the founder of the Neo-Vaishnavism movement in Assam.
Arrival of Srimanta Sankaradeva at Barpeta
Srimanta Sankaradeva, the venerated proponent of the Eka Sharana Nama Dharma and the pioneer of Assamese nationalism, culture, and literature, was born in 1449 AD (1371 Shakabda) at Alipukhuri in middle Assam. Following his education, he embarked on a mission to spread the ideology of Vaishnavism and advocate for social reform, accompanied by numerous devotees and disciples. This mission received a significant boost when the erudite Mahapurusha Madhavdeva joined forces with Srimanta Sankaradeva in 1522 AD (1444 Shakabda) at Dhuwahata, a collaboration known as ‘Manikanchan Sanjog’.
Encountering various political and social obstacles during their mission in upper Assam, including opposition from Brahmin priests and the lack of support from the Ahom royal authority, the duo decided to leave the Ahom kingdom. In 1540 AD (1462 Shakabda), Srimanta Sankaradeva, along with Madhavdeva and other disciples, clandestinely embarked on a riverine journey to Barpeta. They landed near Barpeta town after navigating through Burhi Lohitya via a tributary of the Brahmaputra, where they encountered initial challenges and setbacks.
At Baradi village, Madhavdeva performed funeral rites for his mother, while Srimanta Sankaradeva halted at Chunpora, devoting himself to spreading the Eka Sharana Nama Dharma. During this time, Bhabananda Saud, later known as Narayan Das Thakur Aata, pledged his allegiance to Srimanta Sankaradeva.
Feeling the environment at Chumpora was unsuitable for sacred activities due to pollution from boatmen, they journeyed southward, first landing at Kumarkuchi before settling in Patbausi in 1542 AD. Srimanta Sankaradeva spent sixteen years in Patbausi, initiating a period of religious, cultural, and literary resurgence.
Meanwhile, Madhavdeva established a Sattra at Gankkuchi, contributing significantly to the spiritual and cultural landscape of the region during his eighteen-year tenure.
Thus, Barpeta Kritanghar has been around for over 400 years, standing as a lasting symbol of Srimanta Sankardev’s influence in Assam. Today, it remains one of the most important religious sites for followers of Neo-Vaishnavism in Assam.
Architecture of Barpeta Kritanghar
Barpeta Kritanghar is home to magnificent traditional Assamese architecture that blends spiritual and cultural elements. The temples and structures here showcase the exquisite craftsmanship of the local artisans, designed to create a conducive environment for devotion, reflection, and community life.
- Namghar: Central to the architecture of Barpeta Kritanghar is the Namghar, a prayer hall where devotees gather for congregational worship. The Namghar is an essential part of Assamese Vaishnavism, where Kirtans (devotional songs) and religious discourses are held.
- Traditional Assamese Design: The structures typically have steep-pitched roofs, wooden pillars, and carved details that exhibit the craftsmanship of Assamese artisans. The simplicity of the design aligns with the ideals of the Vaishnavite tradition, which emphasizes humility and devotion.
- Sacred Symbols and Art: Temples in Kritanghar are adorned with religious symbols and intricate carvings that depict scenes from Hindu mythology, especially the life and tales of Lord Krishna. These symbols reinforce the spiritual connection to the divine.
- Natural Surroundings: The temple complex is strategically located in a lush, green environment, adding to the tranquil atmosphere of the place. The nearby Brahmaputra River enhances the site’s natural beauty and spiritual ambiance.
Holi: The Festival of Colors and Devotion at Barpeta Satra
Holi, the vibrant festival of colors, is one of the most anticipated and widely celebrated festivals at Barpeta Satra. While Holi is generally recognized as a joyous occasion where people throw colored powders in the air, sing, dance, and revel in the festivities, at Barpeta Satra, it is infused with a unique blend of devotion, spiritual reflection, and cultural expression. This festival holds a special place not only in the hearts of the people of Barpeta but also for the Vaishnavite followers who gather from across Assam to partake in the sacred celebrations.
Historical Significance of Holi at Barpeta Satra
Barpeta Satra, being one of the key centers of Neo-Vaishnavism, follows the spiritual teachings of Srimanta Sankardev. In the Vaishnavite tradition, Holi is not just a festival of colors; it is a celebration of the divine love between Radha and Krishna, the supreme deities in the tradition. The festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil, the coming of spring, and the renewal of life. At Barpeta Satra, the festival is celebrated with immense fervor, intertwining devotion and exuberance.
While the festival is rooted in the mythological story of Holika Dahan, where Holika’s evil forces were defeated by the divine power of Lord Vishnu, in Barpeta, it’s also a time to honor the bond of Lord Krishna and his followers. The festival offers an opportunity to surrender oneself to Krishna’s love, and at Barpeta Satra, devotees emphasize devotion and spiritual renewal along with the joy of celebration.
Devotional Practices:
Unlike the more commercially celebrated Holi in many parts of India, where the focus is largely on the playful aspect of colors, Holi at Barpeta Satra is a deeply spiritual event that reflects the essence of Vaishnavism. Here’s how it unfolds:
1. Singing of Kirtans (Devotional Songs)
One of the most defining features of Holi celebrations at Barpeta Satra is the Kirtan, or devotional chanting. The festival kicks off with a powerful gathering in the Namghar (prayer hall) of the Satra, where devotees sing Bhakti Kirtans in praise of Lord Krishna. These Kirtans often depict the Raas Leela – a story from Hindu mythology that celebrates the divine love of Lord Krishna and his devotees, particularly his interactions with Radha and the Gopis (female devotees). The spiritual atmosphere during these Kirtans deepens the connection between the devotees and Krishna.
2. Holika Dahan (Bonfire Ritual)
Before the main festivities begin, the Holika Dahan ritual is conducted to symbolize the victory of good over evil. In this ritual, a bonfire is lit, and prayers are offered to Lord Vishnu. The ritual not only has religious significance but also serves to purify the hearts of the devotees as they burn away their sins and negativity, preparing themselves for the divine celebration of Holi.
3. Throwing of Colors as a Symbol of Divine Play
Once the Kirtans and spiritual practices have set the mood, the colorful festivities begin. At Barpeta Satra, Holi is celebrated with the throwing of colors, but it’s done in a way that honors the playful nature of Lord Krishna. The use of colors is not merely for enjoyment but is seen as a form of spiritual expression. The colors symbolize the divine love and the unity of the community in devotion to Krishna. Devotees come together in a spirit of brotherhood, throwing colored powders at one another with joy, but always with respect for the sanctity of the occasion.
The colors used during this time also hold deeper meanings. For instance:
- Red symbolizes the love and passion for Krishna.
- Yellow represents the vibrancy of life and renewal, as Holi marks the coming of spring.
- Green is associated with nature and growth, symbolizing the life-giving essence of Krishna.
Traveling To Barpeta Kritan Ghar
By Air:
- Nearest Airport: Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) in Guwahati, Assam.
- Flight Route: Book a flight from Indore Airport (IDR) to Guwahati Airport.
- From Guwahati to Barpeta:
- By Road: Approximately 90 km, a 2-3 hour drive via NH27.
- By Train: Trains are available from Guwahati to Barpeta Road Railway Station.
By Train:
- From Indore to Guwahati: Board a train from Indore Junction to Guwahati Junction.
- From Guwahati to Barpeta: Proceed as mentioned above.
By Road:
- From Indore to Barpeta: A long-distance journey of approximately 1,800 km, taking around 30-35 hours by car.
- Route: Indore → Jabalpur → Raipur → Ranchi → Kolkata → Guwahati → Barpeta.
Best Time to Visit:
The ideal time to visit Barpeta Kirtan Ghar is during the Holi festival, known locally as Deul Utsav, celebrated in March. This festival offers a unique cultural experience.
Additional Information:
- Accommodation: There are several guesthouses and hotels in Barpeta town for visitors.
- Local Attractions: Explore nearby attractions such as Barpeta Satra Namghar, Gorokhia Gosair Than, and Koya Kujiya Eco Park.